Matthew 5:21–25 is part of Jesus’ teaching where he intensifies the understanding of the commandment “You shall not murder.” Rather than addressing only the outward act, Jesus focuses on the inward condition of the heart that leads to it.
Murder begins with anger: Jesus teaches that harboring anger toward someone makes you liable to divine judgment, just as murder does in the earthly courts. This shift moves moral responsibility from external actions to internal intentions and thoughts.
Escalating severity: The passage outlines a progression—being angry, insulting a brother (e.g., calling them “Raca,” meaning senseless or worthless), and calling someone “fool.” Each heightens guilt before God, culminating in exclusion from divine favor (described metaphorically as “fiery Gehenna”).
Practical reconciliation: Verses 23–24 emphasize that worship is not enough if relationships are fractured. If you’re offering a gift at the altar and remember a grievance someone has against you, you must first seek reconciliation. God values restored relationships over ritual offerings.
Urgency and humility: Verse 25 encourages settling disputes quickly and humbly, lest unresolved anger lead to greater consequences—both legally and spiritually.
Jesus is not equating anger with literal murder in gravity, but he is clarifying that righteousness isn’t merely about avoiding sinful actions—it’s about transforming the heart. It is a call to radical responsibility, guiding believers to cultivate peace both within and with others.
Additional Resources:
Christian Questions Podcast
Episode #1168: “Could God Convict ME of Murder?”
Preview Video
CQ Rewind Show Notes
For children, parents and Bible class teachers:
Animated video: What are the Ten Commandments?
